Studies have shown that students of color or those with disabilities are more likely to be suspended.
CAMDEN -- When misbehaving students receive punishments other than out-of-school suspensions, that means they spend more time in classrooms learning.
At Camden City schools during the last school year, students spent an extra 6,642 days sitting at their desks instead of out on suspensions, compared to previous school years.
That's according to numbers from the district, which announced Thursday that its district-wide effort to reduce the number of suspensions is working.
The total number of suspensions was down 53 percent, the district said, and the number of school days missed for suspensions was down 72 percent.
Partly responsible for the reduction is Elan Drennon, who joined the district two years ago with the hefty title of senior manager of student equity initiatives and school climate strategy.
Drennon said Friday that the district has adopted a new code of conduct -- including a tiered system that specifies which behaviors warrant certain punishments -- with a goal of keeping kids in classrooms and finding punishments that actually make sense.
There was room for improvement, as nearly half of the students at the district's two comprehensive high schools were suspended over the course of the 2015-2016 school year.
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The disciplines were not uniform across the district, and many suspensions were for vague and minor infractions like "disrespect" or uniform violations. In some cases, Drennon said, school administrators were not documenting what the infractions were that led to suspensions.
School districts across the country are re-examining the ways they dole out punishment after research has shown that out-of-school suspensions can set vulnerable students back and tend to target certain groups.
The U.S. Department of Education says that studies have found that students of color and those with disabilities are suspended at greater rates than their peers, and suspensions are "associated with negative student outcomes" including higher drop-out rates, delayed graduation and lower academic performance.
The goal isn't just to find punishments that don't involve sending kids home, Drennon said. The disciplinary measures should be contructive and sensible, fix whatever wrong was done, and help get the student back on track.
For instance, she said, a student who vandalizes the wall should clean it up, and a student who steals from a classmate should have to talk to the victim and try to make amends.
If someone is skipping class, an out-of-school suspension "is like a vacation," Drennon said. Camden officials have learned that those students are often struggling in the classes they skipped, so under the new system, their discipline also came with tutoring in the subject.
The best case scenario, Drennon said, is that a student who has acted out, maybe because they're having trouble with bullying or at home, connects with a school counselor, builds a relationship and gets help dealing with the root of the problem.
Camden schools to stay under state control
Committing a serious infraction, like physically fighting or selling drugs, could still get a student a five-day suspension, the code says. In-school suspensions could involve counseling, "restorative circles" to talk about what went wrong, and school community service, like helping to clean the cafeteria, Drennon said.
She said that the reduction in suspensions is not just due to the choice to use alternative disciplines. It's because the district has hired specialized staff and trained seasoned workers to spot warning signs -- like absenteeism -- and do something about it.
"Now we aren't waiting till students exhibit that behaior to get our attention," she said. "We're asking, 'what's wrong?'"
Each comprehensive high school now has a "Climate and Culture Coordinator" to work toward a more positive culture and identify and aid students who aren't behaving.
The schools with the most behavioral problems also have three behavior specialists focusing on working with students and their families to get them services if they start acting out, the district said.
Seeing results
The biggest reduction in suspensions was in the city's comprehensive high schools, where they dropped by 89 percent, the district said. Overall, suspensions were down 73 percent at all district high schools and 24 percent at the elementary and family schools.
Maita Soukup, a spokeswoman for the district, said the suspensions in the K-8 schools averaged out to 23 suspensions per school in the last school year, compared to about 30 per school in the 2015-2016 school year.
The district said suspensions have been "all but eliminated" for the youngest students in the district. Drennon said the district did have some students in grades four through six suspended last year, but she'd like to see no suspensions for anyone below grade seven.
Last September, Gov. Chris Christie signed into law a bill that prohibited out-of-school suspensions for students in kindergarten through grade two unless it is due to "conduct that is of a violent or sexual nature that endangers others."
The city's schools were taken over by the state in 2013 due to failing test scores and a 49 percent graduation rate, among other things. The district's graduation rate rose to 70 percent in the most recent school year.
Rebecca Everett may be reached at reverett@njadvancemedia.com. Follow her on Twitter @rebeccajeverett. Find NJ.com on Facebook.