At the moment, when it comes to fake photos, we have a lot more problems than solutions.
Remember the computer acronym WYSIWYG -- what you see is what you get? In this gallery, the pictures may cause the viewer to do a double-take, but I assure you that they are WYSIWYG photos. That is, no computer program was used to alter the images; the pictures depict what was seen through the camera's lens.
Writing in "Photo Tampering Through History," Hany Farid notes that the practice of tampering with photos began not long after the creation of the first photograph. Early photographers employed double-exposures and alterations to negatives to achieve results that most people accepted at face value. Examples of this include spirit photographs from the 19th century which purported to show ghosts and spirits but were double exposures.
When computer technology allowed for photos to be digitalized and opened with software such as Photoshop, the likelihood that a photo might not be what it appears to be increased by leaps and bounds ... and our ability to notice doesn't appear to have kept up. A Washington Post article by William Wan from July 2017 notes that Sophie Nightingale, who researches cognitive psychology at the University of Warwick in England, thinks our ability to spot faked photos is "not good at all."
In a test designed by Nightingale and taken by more than 700 men and women, participants could tell an image was faked only 60 percent of the time -- a little better than if they guessed completely at random. And with the correct picks, only 45 percent of participants could pinpoint what had been changed in a photo. Men were slightly more adept at finding the specific change.
MORE: Vintage photos around New Jersey
"Many feel we should be more aware of fake photos," said Nightingale who is especially worried about the implications of fake photos in court, where images are often used as evidence. "But if you just go around telling people don't trust anything, then people will lose all faith in images, which is equally problematic. At the moment, when it comes to fake photos, we have a lot more problems than solutions, I'm afraid."
So, enjoy this collection of WYSIWYG photos. And, here are links to other galleries you might like.
Vintage N.J. photos that deserve a second look 2015
Vintage N.J. photos that deserve a second look 2014
Greg Hatala may be reached at ghatala@starledger.com. Follow him on Twitter @GregHatala. Find Greg Hatala on Facebook.